29 May 2017 г. 
Pigmented spots are dark skin areas of different size, form, shade and color intensity. They are usually caused by melatonin hyperproduction. This pigment is locally accumulated under the skin and creates a colored spot. These spots do not cause any pain or discomfort, but make the skin look unattractive. Besides, in some cases the skin in these areas becomes rough and dry, which results in appearance of fine lines.
Why do the pigmented spots appear
Pigmentation can be both of innate and acquired nature. There are many reasons of its appearance, and the most widely spread of them are the following:
- excessive exposure to the sun;
- hormonal disorders;
- some inner disorders (gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver, gall bladder, genital organs);
- genetic predisposition;
- skin diseases;
- long-term use of some medications;
- stress, depression;
- beauty salon procedures which hurt the skin surface (various peeling and hair removal procedures);
- lack of essential vitamins and minerals;
- age changes;
- allergic reactions.
Whitening cream by Repharm
How to lighten pigmented spots
In order to remove pigmented spots, it is necessary to find and eliminate the basic reason of their appearance. But these spots can be lightened up to make the skin be more attractive. The modern cosmetology suggests a number of beauty procedures to fight dark spots, and the most wide-spread methods are:
- laser removal – based on the use of a special diode laser with different nozzles and large range of intensity;
- lightening and total removal of pigmented spots by cryogenic nitrogen (cryotherapy);
- removal by LEDs (phototherapy);
- removal by injections of active chemical substances (mesotherapy) and others.
Natural home remedies are also very widely used to resolve this problem. These are various food masks with lightening effect: lemon, cucumber, parsley, grapefruit juices, face masks of farmer cheese, cosmetic clay, honey, horseradish, yoghurt and others. But it should be noted that the home-made cosmetic products may be of a very slight effect. The usage of professional cosmetic products aimed at pigmentation removal can be more convenient, safe and efficient.
What creams for pigmented spots lightening exist
Modern cosmetic industry produces a wide range of cosmetic products for skin whitening. Among them are face masks, lotions, exfoliating masks and various creams. For the purpose of skin whitening the most effective creams should contain the following ingredients:
- racemic acid;
- apple acid;
- citric acid;
- tartaric acid;
- lactic acid;
- parsley extract;
- wild rose extract;
- bearberry extract, and others.
These components don’t have any negative side effects and are suitable for any skin type. They carefully peel off the keratinized skin layers and dead skin cells, restore even skin tone and relief, make it soft and elastic.
Cream Repharm #2 has been proved to be a highly effective cosmetic product to fight pigmented spots. A careful lightening effect is produced by the extracts of bearberry, fresh-water sponge, parsley, wild rose and licorice. Vitamin C and the unique bisphosphonate complex act as lightening and anti-oxidant agents, normalize skin metabolism and fight against fine lines.
